The main objective of this paper is to investigate and identify the main determinants of successful knowledge management (KM) programs. We draw upon the institutional theory and the theory of technology assimilation to develop an integrative model of KM success that clarifies the role of information technology (IT) in relation to other important KM infrastructural capabilities and to KM process capabilities. We argue that the role of IT cannot be studied in isolation and that the effect of IT on KM success is fully mediated by KM process capabilities. The research model is tested with a survey study involving 191 KM practitioners. The empirical results provided strong support for the model. In addition to its theoretical contributions, this study also presents important practical implications through the identification of specific infrastructural capabilities leading to KM success.

In the case of events such as fundamental regulatory reforms or radical technological advances, firms have to undertake discontinuous or dynamic learning. Such learning involves the generation of new capacity through the acquisition of new knowledge and the combination of it with the firm's existing accumulated knowledge. In developing countries the challenge for firms to develop new competencies through dynamic learning is more complex due to political and economic complexities. This paper discusses the limitations of existing frameworks for analysing the process aspect of transformation and proposes a theoretical framework with which to explore dynamic learning in firms from developing countries. The proposed theoretical framework is based on a constructivist approach to organisational knowledge and uses the concept of absorptive capacity. The responses of large pharmaceutical firms to biotechnological change are used to illustrate the areas under investigation. The theoretical framework is used to explore the responses of Indian pharmaceutical firms to changes in patent law required by that country's accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The cases show that the theoretical framework is comprehensive and useful for exploring firm level knowledge processes within firms from developing countries. However a broader analysis of firm‑level learning in developing countries should include an analysis of the institutional environment as this plays an important role in creating environment for firm based learning.

This study demonstrates that resource‑based view (RBV) misidentifies the locus of dynamic knowledge articulation and long‑term dynamic competitive capabilities, and focuses on the distinctive role of drivers of dynamic learning mechanism in the evolution of dynamic knowledge articulation and dynamic competitiveness. Five drivers of dynamic learning mechanism such as the integration power of managers, external linkages, previous experience, repeated practice, and codification of experience play important roles on developing dynamic knowledge articulation, and ambiguity is a negative driver impact on developing dynamic knowledge articulation. Dynamic knowledge articulation is a positive impact on dynamic competitiveness in alliance organizations. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a more complete understanding on developing dynamic knowledge articulation via the dynamic learning mechanism. The paper defines a clear theoretical model for the tautological animadversion of past research on RBV that can be complemented.

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