Abstract: Knowledge sharing research is growing in Latin America. Most instruments used to measure employees knowledge sharing activities have been developed in the Anglo‑American language (English). Currently there is no instrument available to measur e the knowledge‑sharing construct in Spanish. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the research process adopted to design, construct and validate such an instrument in the Spanish language. The validation process was conducted with 228 k nowledge workers in Colombia. The instrument has two components. The first part (32 items) evaluates the different ways in which knowledge is shared in an organization. The second part (24 items) evaluates the different tools used in an organization t o share knowledge. The validation process is structured in three steps: the construction of the items following a review of the literature; psychometric validation, and the statistical verification of the instruments sub‑scales. Four categories of types of knowledge and four categories of knowledge sharing techniques are identified. The results of this research contribute to the understanding of a broader perspective of the measurement of knowledge sharing behavior and enable the measurement of this cons truct in Spanish. Many of the current instruments are very short and do not consider categories of knowledge sharing, neither tools people use to share knowledge. It is expected that the instrument will become a referent to the measurement of knowledge sh aring in Spanish speaking countries. It is recommended the translation into English and the validation process of the instrument with an English speaking sample. 

Abstract: In this paper, we concentrate on relational capital, manifestation of the old adage ⠀it is not what you know but who you know⠀. We propose that in this networked world, the importance of relationships between multiple stakeholders created by key personnel and financing becomes fundamental, and hence understanding and measuring those becomes fundamental, too. Accordingly, we highlight that there is a need to go beyond social, individual or personal relationships and organizational context, as well as beyond the limitations of the dyadic (one actor to one actor) view on relationships. Hence, we are introducing the ecosystem as the context for measuring relational capital. This paper builds on a construct of ecosystemic relational capital, cr eated for understanding and measuring the importance of relationships in the context of ecosystems. It looks at the totality of relationships both at organizational level and at individual level, measuring the structures and characteristics related to ind ividuals, organizations as well as the ecosystem as a whole (Still et al. 2014a). We acknowledge that the initial framework emphasizes the ⠜networking capabilities⠀ element of relational capital, with less attention to the element of ⠜customer loy alty and reputation⠀, which is the motivation for building on the construct. The processes of ecosystemic relational capital are already seen to be built on the possibilities afforded by the volumes of digital data, mostly from social media, providing d etails on the relationships between various actors related to various regions, sectors, technologies and products. However, we propose enhancing the holistic integration for better understanding and measuring of relational capital with the application of methods of social network analysis (SNA), network visualizations and social media analytics. In this paper, we present concrete examples of the enhanced framework. At the same time, we acknowledge that there are many other avenues for obtaining novel in sights for relational capital with these analytics 

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Abstract: While intellectual capital (IC) as an asset is long noted, one area that has begun to attract attention is the communication of IC. The past decade of increasing global competition and economic downturns have enhanced the importance of the com munication of IC, in particular, how IC supports organizational performance (OP). Current literature on the communication of IC is limited to reporting metrics, which does not provide sufficient insights on OP. Yet, the need for the communication of IC is growing globally as investors are demanding for more non‑financial information to reflect organizations sustainability. Hence, the objectives of this study are three‑fold. First is to ascertain the prevalence of the communication of IC, where past s tudies have reported low occurrence. Secondly, the study aims to examine the communication of IC in terms of content; and finally, to investigate the correlation of the communication of IC with OP. The dataset used in this study was drawn from annual repo rts and supplementary corporate disclosure (ARS) published for FYE2011 in English by 299 banks listed on the stock exchanges globally. The communication of IC was reviewed from three angles, human capital, relational capital and structural capital; and OP encompasses business continuity, risk management and organizational productivity. Content analysis was used to evaluate the communication of IC and to highlight nuances and trends. Findings showed that the communication of IC was prevalent in more than half of the banks in the dataset, where the communication of Human Capital content was most widely reported. Smaller banks, in particular, were found to be lacking in the communication of IC. Three peculiarities were also identified, namely inclusion of information on women, importance of training to organizational productivity, and extensiveness of risk management processes in banks. The significance of this study lies in its effort to highlight relevance of the communication of IC from the perspective of IC components and its correlation to OP. 

Abstract: The field of Knowledge Management (KM) is usually described in terms of generationsŽ. First generation KM viewed knowledge as an object and was focused on the use of IT, such as databases and portals. Second generation KM was orientated towar ds people and organisations. It emphasised tacit knowledge and communities of practice. Third generation KM recognised the importance of contextual contingencies and influences in aligning KM strategies with business strategies. Most recently, scholars ha ve started to call for a new generation KM that will ensure the fields continued interest in academia and value in practice. The proponents of the new generation KM advocate the need for convergence between KM and other disciplines. Following the current trend, the purpose of this paper is to propose a new conceptual model that merges Knowledge Management (KM) with Project Management (PM). 

Abstract: Against the background of global competition and increasingly dynamic markets, the importance of knowledge has been growing dramatically, especially for small and medium‑sized enterprises (SME). SMEs have to be more innovative, flexible, and e fficient to successfully cope with typical challenges such as growing competition and rapidly changing demand patterns. In the past, knowledge management has been successfully implemented and developed by large enterprises in particular. In contrast, know ledge management for SME is not a matter of course yet. However, current survey results affirm that activities in the area of knowledge management depend less on the size of an enterprise or its industry, but rather on an enterprise⠒s business strategy and core competencies. In the light of these results, SMEs seem not to have disadvantages regarding the implementation of knowledge management because of their size or industry, but rather because they need to take strategic decisions to implement such so lutions and have difficulties in doing so. Against this background, the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology started the initiative ⠜Fit für den Wissenswettberb⠀ to support especially SMEs on the way to the knowledge society. In the co urse of the initiative, the research institutes Fraunhofer IPK and Fraunhofer IFF initiated the project ⠜ProWis ⠍ Prozessorientiertes und integriertes Wissensmanagement in KMU⠀. Within this project, researchers designed methods meeting the specific needs of SMEs allowing the implementation of process‑oriented knowledge management at reasonable efforts. Building up on the developed methods, both institutes accompanied 15 SMEs during the implementation of knowledge management and used the findings fro m these implementations to refine the methods. The results of the project are summarized in the guideline ⠜Praxisleitfaden Wissensmanagement⠀, which is freely accessible to interested parties and enables SMEs to systematically and autonomously impleme nt knowledge management. Based on the aforemen 

Abstract. As cities and regions transform from an industrial to a knowledge economy, there is a need to build new working relationships among academic, business communities, labor and workforce, civil society, and the technology sector … to create Knowle dge Cities. A Knowledge City values all kinds of knowledge, is grounded in an economy that runs on knowledge and intellectual capital, and encourages knowledge markets and transactions. The 21st century knowledge economy is dependent upon knowledge cities and regions, representing a major shift from the industrial economy. Transforming an industrial city to a Knowledge City is not a trivial task. It requires that all members of the society make the transition together. Currently, there are no institutio ns that can facilitate this role. This paper considers how a Knowledge Sciences Center might fulfill that role, and reports on the thoughts of over 200 participants of the Knowledge Sciences Symposium held in Canton, Ohio, and Washington DC in 2013. The paper also references recent initiatives to establish Knowledge Sciences Centers in the Eastern and Midwest regions of the United States. The role of a transformational leader in establishing a Center is also highlighted.